1 00:00:04,640 --> 00:00:02,840 NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has looked 2 00:00:06,710 --> 00:00:04,650 for evidence of atmospheres around 3 00:00:09,350 --> 00:00:06,720 several earth sized planets in the 4 00:00:11,299 --> 00:00:09,360 Trappist one system including three that 5 00:00:13,610 --> 00:00:11,309 are in the star's habitable zone where 6 00:00:16,310 --> 00:00:13,620 liquid water could exist on the surface 7 00:00:18,650 --> 00:00:16,320 a lot of astronomers and space 8 00:00:20,660 --> 00:00:18,660 enthusiasts were very excited by the 9 00:00:22,609 --> 00:00:20,670 discovery of the seven earth sized 10 00:00:24,800 --> 00:00:22,619 planets of the Trappist warning system 11 00:00:26,990 --> 00:00:24,810 the prends orbit an ultra-cool dwarf 12 00:00:29,029 --> 00:00:27,000 star about 40 light years away 13 00:00:30,679 --> 00:00:29,039 scientists have theories about what 14 00:00:32,630 --> 00:00:30,689 these plants may be like and whether 15 00:00:34,490 --> 00:00:32,640 they could support life but we won't 16 00:00:36,110 --> 00:00:34,500 know for sure until we get more 17 00:00:38,420 --> 00:00:36,120 comprehensive observations of this 18 00:00:41,299 --> 00:00:38,430 system including data on the planets 19 00:00:43,190 --> 00:00:41,309 atmospheres as a planet in the Travis 20 00:00:45,440 --> 00:00:43,200 one system passes between us and the 21 00:00:47,540 --> 00:00:45,450 star it blocks out a small portion of 22 00:00:49,369 --> 00:00:47,550 the star's light telescopes like Hubble 23 00:00:51,500 --> 00:00:49,379 can look at changes in specific 24 00:00:53,420 --> 00:00:51,510 wavelengths of light which provide clues 25 00:00:55,819 --> 00:00:53,430 to the composition in size of the 26 00:00:59,930 --> 00:00:55,829 planet's atmosphere Hubble observations 27 00:01:01,880 --> 00:00:59,940 in May 2016 of Travis one B and C showed 28 00:01:04,600 --> 00:01:01,890 that these planets do not seem to have 29 00:01:07,219 --> 00:01:04,610 thick puffy hydrogen-rich atmosphere 30 00:01:09,140 --> 00:01:07,229 this indicates a higher chance that they 31 00:01:12,770 --> 00:01:09,150 are rocky terrestrial planets 32 00:01:15,950 --> 00:01:12,780 rather than many gas giants Hubble then 33 00:01:19,429 --> 00:01:15,960 observed planets d e f and g in december 34 00:01:22,210 --> 00:01:19,439 2016 in january 2017 in near-infrared 35 00:01:25,490 --> 00:01:22,220 wavelengths and the results were similar 36 00:01:27,770 --> 00:01:25,500 Hubble found no sign of thick puffy 37 00:01:29,870 --> 00:01:27,780 hydrogen-rich atmosphere for any of the 38 00:01:31,460 --> 00:01:29,880 four planets the data suggests that 39 00:01:34,609 --> 00:01:31,470 there is not this gas giant like 40 00:01:36,289 --> 00:01:34,619 atmosphere for planets D E and F and the 41 00:01:38,600 --> 00:01:36,299 data from this round of observations was 42 00:01:40,039 --> 00:01:38,610 not as strong for planet G so while 43 00:01:42,380 --> 00:01:40,049 there's no evidence for a thick 44 00:01:44,469 --> 00:01:42,390 hydrogen-rich atmosphere on G the 45 00:01:47,359 --> 00:01:44,479 researchers are not yet ruling it out 46 00:01:48,889 --> 00:01:47,369 planets e F and G orbit at distances 47 00:01:51,289 --> 00:01:48,899 where temperatures would allow for 48 00:01:53,450 --> 00:01:51,299 liquid water while D is likely a little 49 00:01:55,249 --> 00:01:53,460 too hot Hubble is yet to take 50 00:01:57,719 --> 00:01:55,259 observations of Planet H which is 51 00:02:00,450 --> 00:01:57,729 outside the system's habitable zone 52 00:02:02,039 --> 00:02:00,460 to summarize Hubble has not seen 53 00:02:06,090 --> 00:02:02,049 evidence of thick hydrogen-rich 54 00:02:09,089 --> 00:02:06,100 atmosphere for planets b c d e and f and 55 00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:09,099 of those five planets E&S are in the 56 00:02:14,400 --> 00:02:12,010 habitable zone planet needs more data 57 00:02:16,680 --> 00:02:14,410 and Hubble is not yet looked at planet H 58 00:02:17,970 --> 00:02:16,690 it's worth noting though that even 59 00:02:20,580 --> 00:02:17,980 though planets outside the habitable 60 00:02:22,410 --> 00:02:20,590 zone still might be able to have liquid 61 00:02:24,570 --> 00:02:22,420 water somewhere on its surface in 62 00:02:26,190 --> 00:02:24,580 certain conditions it's also worth 63 00:02:28,710 --> 00:02:26,200 noting that if any of these planets have 64 00:02:30,780 --> 00:02:28,720 high-altitude clouds and Hayes's that 65 00:02:33,330 --> 00:02:30,790 would block couples ability to detect a 66 00:02:35,400 --> 00:02:33,340 thick hydrogen-rich atmosphere but such 67 00:02:37,949 --> 00:02:35,410 an atmosphere is not likely to exist on 68 00:02:39,479 --> 00:02:37,959 these planets many possibilities remain 69 00:02:41,880 --> 00:02:39,489 for what types of atmospheres these 70 00:02:44,520 --> 00:02:41,890 planets have or whether they even have 71 00:02:46,860 --> 00:02:44,530 atmospheres the Travis one planets could 72 00:02:50,100 --> 00:02:46,870 have compact atmosphere similar to Mars 73 00:02:52,199 --> 00:02:50,110 Venus Earth or something entirely 74 00:02:54,360 --> 00:02:52,209 different researchers hope to use 75 00:02:55,920 --> 00:02:54,370 Hubble's ultraviolet capabilities to 76 00:02:58,229 --> 00:02:55,930 look for evidence of water vapour or 77 00:03:00,150 --> 00:02:58,239 methane and NASA's upcoming James Webb 78 00:03:02,129 --> 00:03:00,160 Space Telescope will look in the far 79 00:03:04,860 --> 00:03:02,139 infrared to further characterize these 80 00:03:06,420 --> 00:03:04,870 atmospheres future telescopes also hope 81 00:03:08,309 --> 00:03:06,430 to look for hints of whether the planets 82 00:03:11,099 --> 00:03:08,319 are habitable and if life could be 83 00:03:13,440 --> 00:03:11,109 present the Travis one system provides 84 00:03:16,590 --> 00:03:13,450 the best opportunity we currently have 85 00:03:18,270 --> 00:03:16,600 to study earth-sized exoplanet over the 86 00:03:20,160 --> 00:03:18,280 next few years Hubble and other 87 00:03:22,860 --> 00:03:20,170 telescopes will work together each 88 00:03:25,199 --> 00:03:22,870 contributing important observations so 89 00:03:27,150 --> 00:03:25,209 for the first time ever we will have an 90 00:03:29,190 --> 00:03:27,160 in-depth understanding of a set of